Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser Essay

Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser - Essay Example However, this assertion is contested. This is because at the time of the revolution, Iran was experiencing un-employment rate of approximately 30%1. Unemployment is one of the indicators of poor development and economic growth. Based on this fact, the assertion that Iran was politically and economically stable is false, and does not hold any ground. On the other hand, the revolution in Egypt occurred when the country was experiencing a series of poor political and economic governance. Despite the differences in these revolutions, and the two leaders, Gamal Abdul Nasser and Ayatollah Khomeini shared a lot of similarities as well as differences in their leadership structure and system2. One major similarity is that the two leaders were charismatic, and they sought to eliminate any form of opposition to their leadership. For instance, Nasser ordered a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood, a group that was opposing his leadership, while Ayatollah Khomeini sought to kill any political supporters of the Shah. This paper takes a stand that both Ayatollah Khomeini and Gamal Abdul-Nasser were charismatic leaders, who influenced their societies and people, despite their undemocratic systems of governance. Gamal Abdul Nasser was the second Egyptian president, and he began his presidency in the year 1956, to the time he died, which was in 1970. He played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Egyptian monarch in the year 1952, and as a result, he was rewarded with a post, as a deputy prime minister3. This is an indication that Gamal Abdul Nasser was an important leader to the revolutionaries, and he was held in high esteem. Furthermore, the power and authority that Gamal Abdul Nasser had is depicted when he managed to arrest President Muhammad Naguib, and place him under house arrest.

Travel Restrictions to Cuba :: essays research papers

The US travel policy restricts Cuban-Americans to travel to Cuba once every three years. Some agree that this attacks Family Values. Others agree with the travel restriction. Many feel its the only way to stop funding the Communist Dictatorship. Recently a policy is the US travel restrictions to Cuba. The policy has many restrictions, But the most controversial states that Cuban American citizens may visit Cuba only once every three years( Farley and Thale, pg.1 ). The Policy represent a tightening o f the US embargo against Cuba( Farley and Thale, pg.1 ). This policy stops aiding the Cuban Economy and bans Americans from buying fine cigars and cheap sugar, on top of other things at the cost of our national honor, but when it comes to family issues, the policy is really effective in a wrong way. The new policy goes against family values.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through the History , The United State citizens have indirectly supported the Cuban economy ( Sullivan, pg. 1 ). This policy stops the flow of money into the Cuban Economy. In effective does damage to the relationships between Cuban-Americans and their families in Cuba. But the policy effectively stops giving money to Castro, and his terrorist and murderous ways( Farley and Thale, pg.1 ). The policy claims it stops efforts to influence conditions in Cuba. Stopped conditions of aiding Castro, basically stopping the flow of information and abridging the rights of ordinary American( Sullivan, pg. 2 ).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through the years the policy has gone through many revisions. New amendments have been added adds new restrictions and has left previous part of the policy in place. The New policy rules are claimed to attack family values. While some strongly argue that new revision are necessary order to stop funding a communist dictatorship( Farley and Thale, pg.2 ). The policy has gone through a very recent and controversial change. The policy Now only allow Cuban - Americans to visit Cuba only once ever Three years, as oppose to when ever you wanted. Basically before recent revisions, you had the freedom to come and go to Cuba as you pleased.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policy over has gone through very effective revisions. Cuban-Americans are the ones who are most effected by the policy. Basically those who have Cuban- American family in US with family in Cuba. The policy effects the families in Cuba because the policy limits the amount of humanitarian assistance that Cuban-American families can give to their family.

Personal Transformation from Gilgamesh to Chihiro

Personal Transformation from Gilgamesh to Chihiro Regardless of the setting and the time, maturity and development are key processes that reshape individual’s character. Although on the surface, Hayao Miyazaki’s film, Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh have nothing in common based on their different historical and geographical settings, they are tied together by the genre called â€Å"Bildungsroman†. A genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood, also known as a coming of age novel.The film, Spirited Away, is about Chihiro, a young girl who is taken down an unusual road by her parents while moving to a new home in an unfamiliar town. Their curiosity leads them into what appears to be an abandoned amusement park. As they explore, they come across an unattended food stand and the parents help themselves; later as the sun sets, they are transformed into pigs by some sort of sorcery. Chihiro is left alone t o figure out how to free her parents and escape this unknown world. Thankfully, she finds companionship in a boy named Haku who guides her through the obstacles she has to face along the way.The Epic of Gilgamesh begins in a similar manner as Gilgamesh, the king of Uruk appears to be an unfit leader for his city. As the city continues to resent their leader, the gods of Uruk decide to create Enkidu, a companion and diversion for Gilgamesh. Immediately after their friendship begins, Gilgamesh's selfish character is transformed into one of a more giving and gracious leader. These personal transformations interconnect the two stories that appear to be unrelated at first glance. The most essential similarity between The Epic of Gilgamesh and Spirited away is the companionship they find which begins their transformation.Without their companions, neither Chihiro nor Gilgamesh would be able to overcome their obstacles and develop into stronger characters. As the abandoned amusement park tu rns into a spirit world upon nightfall, Chihiro meets a young boy named Haku. Having been in her place previously, he instructs her on what to do in order to survive within this world and eventually save her parents. He guides her to the bathhouse for the millions of Shinto Gods that inhabit this spirit world. Following Haku's instructions enables her to find Yubaba who can give her the job she will need to stay live and function. Through her stay there, she discovers that Haku is actually a dragon under the employ of the evil witch Yubaba, who provided her with a job as well. She is able to free him along with herself as she realizes that Haku is actually a river spirit she fell into as a child. Haku responds with excitement after she tells him, â€Å"You did it, Chihiro! I remember! I was the spirit of the Kahaku River† (Miyazaki). She not only liberates him at this moment, but she completes her process of adulthood and finding a way home for herself.Chihiro began her journ ey through the spirit world simply looking for a way out, yet she was able to accomplish a lot more. None of it being possible without her guide, Haku. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh finds a similar friendship within his wild equal, Enkidu. Enkidu's companionship is essential in order for Gilgamesh's character to develop. Enkidu's greatest effect on Gilgamesh's nature occurs upon his death. Until the death of his only friend, Gilgamesh thought of himself as invincible and immortal. With Enkidu's demise, Gilgamesh falls into a state of misery and realizes what he must do.He states, â€Å"How can I keep silent, how can I stay quiet? My friend, whom I loved, has turned to clay. Shall I not be like him, and also lie down, never to rise again, through all eternity† (Epic of Gilgamesh 78)? Witnessing his friend die made Gilgamesh realize his fear of death and he therefore sets on a journey to find Uta-napishti, who has discovered the secret to immortality. Instead of returning to his old selfish ways, he takes on a quest to defeat fate. Once he reaches Uta-napishti, he is presented with a plant which grants youth upon the owner, even though he fails the test of staying awake for a week.On his journey home however, a snake retrieves the plant. Gilgamesh fails in his journey to defeat his fate, yet comes upon him a sense of humility and acceptance of his true destiny. He returns home to serve Uruk and its citizens. With the help of their companions, the main characters must overcome a series of obstacles before they can discover their full potential. In the beginning of the story, Chihiro is a spoiled child forced into the fantastic world. Chihiro becomes completely separated from everything she has known and must find her way back to reality.Her adult guidance is stripped away from her when her parents are turned into pigs after being greedy and eating plenty of food that did not belong to them. Chihiro is then forced to step up and save her own parents: â€Å"I'm sorry my sister turned your parents into pigs, but there's nothing I can do. It’s just the way things are. You'll have to help your parents and Haku by yourself† (Miyazaki). Never having been cast such responsibility, Chihiro does a pretty good job. In order to survive in the spirit world, Chihiro takes a job at the bath house run by Yubaba.There she performs hard tasks most kids her age would not be able to grasp. Chihiro taking a job is a first step into her reaching adulthood, as providing an income and hard work are grown up responsibilities. While she is working there, she faces some difficult challenges which the other workers could not handle. The first occurrence is when a creature in similar appearance to that of a stink god enters the bathhouse. The employees try to tell him to turn around, but when he ignores them and continues his way into the bathhouse, Chihiro is faced with the responsibility of cleaning him.The creature turns out to really be a River God polluted with garbage, and Chihiro is able to cure him by pulling out a bike and letting the other garbage spill out. Soon after, a spirit known as No-Face becomes a glutton, eating everything in the bathhouse. Chihiro saves the day again making him spit out all the creatures he ate and returning to his true form. Both times Chihiro was faced with challenges none of the other workers could handle. Both times, she was able to use her logic to fix the problems at hand. These obstacles forced Chihiro to grow up more quickly, as well as let her realize her true potential.Gilgamesh must make his way through hurdles as well in order to accomplish the effects of Chihiro. After meeting Enkidu, he begins this transformation by destroying two beasts. The first is Humbaba, whom Gilgamesh and Enkidu travel to the forest of Cedar to destroy. After they succeeded, the goddesses Ishtar was impressed by Gilgamesh and offers him marriage. Knowing the history of her previous husbands, howe ver, Gilgamesh refused. Angered at his refusal, Ishtar summoned a Bull to destroy Gilgamesh. He is able to overcome the bull, only marking the beginning of his metamorphosis.Soon after these events, his companion Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh takes on another mission. He goes on a journey to find the secret to immortality as he begins to strongly fear death after seeing what happened with his friend, Enkidu. He believes Uta-napishti, who lives on the other side of the world, holds the answers: â€Å"I thought, ‘I will find Uta-napishti the Distant, of whom men tell’ and I wandered journeying through every land. Many times I passed through terrible mountains, many times I crossed and recrossed all the oceans. † (Epic of Gilgamesh 85)? Uta-napishti presents him with a plant that will bestow youth upon the owner.On his way home, however, a snake snatches the plant, leaving Gilgamesh disappointed as he realizes he will never seize what he has so long struggled for. It is this loss that helps him realize what he should do next, which is to reign as the best king he possibly can. While the obstacles Chihiro and Gilgamesh had to face in order to complete their transformation differed in nature, they helped them mature into adults and realize their potential. The last aspect of a transformation, and perhaps the most important is the realization gained through the difficult tasks one had to face.Characters in both Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh become more aware that the actions they take affect other people around them as well and therefore they should make decisions that benefit them and the surrounding communities. In the opening scene of Spirited Away, Chihiro’s main concern is losing the friends she is leaving behind by moving to a new home. When she enters the spirit world and her parents are turned into pigs, she has bigger problems to take care of first. Although she takes the job at the bathhouse to help herself and her parents, she ends up saving the bathhouse itself from destruction twice.Chihiro also helps her companion Haku as she remembers his name and is able to relieve him from the spirit world. Through her journey into adulthood, Chihiro learns to make decisions that benefit her, as well as others. Gilgamesh gains similar lessons in the Epic of Gilgamesh. After all the obstacles Gilgamesh overcame to gain the plant of youth, a snake simply snatched it away. Gilgamesh sat down and wept for the plant, but through his tears he finally grasped that his mistake was to fear death in the first place.Immortality is not meant for humans, and Gilgamesh then realized that instead of chasing it, he should return to his king duties just as Uta-napishti suggested: â€Å"Let him cast off his pelts, and the sea bear them off, let his body be soaked till fair! Let a new kerchief be made for his head, let him wear royal robes, the dress fitting his dignity† (The Epic of Gilgamesh 97). Gilgamesh returns to Uru k after accepting the fact he is mortal and he should be a great leader to his citizens. The text does not reveal what happens to Gilgamesh after he gets back to Uruk.However, based on his change of character throughout the epic, a judgment can be made on how he will rule as king. He has faced and accepted the harsh reality that humans cannot have power over everything and completed his transformation. Spirited Away and The Epic of Gilgamesh seem completely unrelated at first glance due to their difference in historical and geographical setting. However, when looked at more closely, the main characters experience similar psychological and moral growth into adulthood. The transformations of both Chihiro and Gilgamesh first begin when they find companionship.Chihiro finds hers within a young boy named Haku, who guides her to survive within the spirit world. He points her to Yubaba, an evil witch who gives her a job at the bathhouse. While Chihiro is working there, she has to face the monsters that invade and pose a threat the bathhouse, a task the adult workers could not handle themselves. After overcoming these obstacles, she is able to save herself and her fellow companion Haku from the spirit world. Gilgamesh began his journey similarly as he was a selfish tyrant highly disliked by the public.When he meets his natural equal, Enkidu, his life is forever changed. The two work together and become really close friends. At the peak of their friendship however, Enkidu dies and Gilgamesh embarks on a journey to find immortality. When his journey fails, he realizes that it is not in his power to have everlasting youth, but instead he has the capability to be a great king. He returns to his home city of Uruk transformed into a stronger leader. Both characters, Chihiro and Gilgamesh began their journeys as selfish and misguided individuals, but were able to reach their full potential in the end.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Single-Sex Education

In England, there are as many as 726 mainstream single-sex secondary schools, 378 of them are state schools (DFES, 2007). As such, there are considerable debates about the single-sex education system whether it is the best way of learning or not. Co-education (co-ed) is an educational system where boys and girls study in the same institution, which means no segregation on sex-basis. Throughout the history of education and until the 18th century, single-sex school (SSS) was the most common type of school around the world, but after that, in the 19th century, more and more co-ed schools were established. Despite that, there are many countries, in particular in Asia, where the SSS is the only type of school which exists as a result of†¦show more content†¦As a result of this, the SSS will play a vital role to reduce the academic gender gap, as well as raise the academic levels. Consequently, this may be one of the reasons for nearly three out of four of grammar schools in Engla nd are SSS (DFES, 2007), and it is known that grammar schools require high level academically. The second argument is that co-ed could not deal with the variation of boys’ and girls’ learning styles as much as the SSS. Honigsfeld and Dunn (2003) examined the variances in genders’ learning styles in 5 countries: New Zealand, Sweden, Hungary, Brunei, and Bermuda. The results show that male students prefer to study alone while female students choose to study in groups with peers and learn in several ways. Moreover, the researchers revealed that boys are higher in kinaesthetic and more tactual, which means they prefer to do some experiments in their learning. In contrast, girls are more auditory, which means they understand more if they listen to the explanation. Similarly, in another research, Martin (2004) considered that girls are higher in management, learning focus, and planning. While boys are higher in self-handicapping, which refers to a cognitive strategy that allows the boys to avoid the responsibility of failure. As it has described above, in these circumstances teachers always need to pay moreShow MoreRelatedMixed Schools1386 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ This essay provides a discussion between the disadvantages and advantages of mixed schools. The first part of the essay begins with the disadvantages of mixed schools, about why some parents do not allow their children to attend mixed schools and even why some students themselves do not want to attend mixed schools. These are the educational, psychological and social disadvantages of mixed schools. The second part of this essay provides the benefits of attending mixed schools by looking at theRead MoreWhy are Mixed Schools a Better Option?672 Words   |  3 PagesSingle sex school is a major problem that we face in our modern world it has advantages and well as disadvantages. Why mixed schools is better than single one?. There are many reasons to prove that idea. This essay talks about why mixed schools is better than single one with evidences and supports. This essay supports the idea of why this is a negative impacts on the society. Some people saw that single one is better and th ey have their points of view and their opinions. They also saw it improvesRead MoreSingle Sex Schools : An Old Time Idea1730 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Jackson 04/18/17 Are Single-Sex Schools really the way to go? ENGL- 10300 Single Sex Schools VS. Coed The issue that is being discussed is whether or not it is more beneficial for high school students to go to single-sex schools or coed schools. In her essay â€Å" Single-Sex Schools: An Old Time Idea Whose Time Has Come,† Diane Urbina Argues that it would be more beneficial if we had single-sex schools. The myth is debunked is that boys and girls are restricted by nature in relation to whatRead MoreEducation: Gender and Single-sex School Works1256 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-Sex Schools A time comes in every young teen s life when he or she must decide where to attend high school. As they examine which high school they want to go to, one of the factors they may come across is whether to go to a single-sex school or a co-educational school. While co-ed schools allow students to develop socially, single-sex schools have the advantage in academic success. Single-sex schools provide a conducive learning environment for students, allow teachers to teach accordingRead MoreSingle Sex And Co Educated Schools887 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate on utilizing single sex or co-educated schools has been around for far too long. However, this controversy will come to an end today. No one should look and depend on the bright side only, because single sex schools are not exactly what everyone expects. 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It first existed in Greece because of the belief of Plato, a Greek philosopher, that co – education helps in the development of the personality of both men and women when they are put together in the same school or class. It is prevalent in many countries because of its advantages, but for some, they do not want it because of its negative effects. In most countries, co – educationRead MoreSingle Sex Schools And Co Ed Schools1572 Words   |  7 Pagesto compare short-term and long-term advantages and disadvantages of single-sex Catholic schools with co-ed Catholic schools in the United State. He claimed that there are more advantages to girls in single-sex schools than disadvantages. However, he was set apart from many other researchers in the field, particularly outside the United State because of his believe. Therefore this research was carried out to study the advantages and disadvantages of single-sex schools and co-ed schools. A survey wasRead MoreDifferentiated Learning And Its Positive Effects On Gender1333 Words   |  6 Pagesoverprotective of their daughters compared with their sons. When children start school, boys and girls go to the same class and start to get the same education. Why is it not taken into account, that those little people perceive the world and influence on it very differently? Differentia ted learning brings a lot of positive effects for both genders. Single sex education have a lot of benefits. First of all, it brings an opportunity for teachers to employ instruction techniques geared toward specific gendersRead MoreDana Hall Co-Educational .Doc937 Words   |  4 Pagesembrace co-education as opposed to single-sex education for their all girl boarding school? Right now it appears that given how strong some of the individuals in leadership feel as well as the teachers of the school that Dana Hall should remain a single-sex educational system. Elaine Betts must submit to the mission review committee the pros and cons of the issue so they can make a solid decision based on all the facts. What follows are the results of her research. Claims for Single-Sex Education

Divalent Cation Definition in Chemistry

A divalent cation is an cation with valence of 2. This type of ion may form two chemical bonds with anions. Also Known As: bivalent cation Examples A magnesium ion, Mg2 is a divalent cation. In fact, all of the alkaline earth metals (group 2) form divalent cations. Source Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

Modern White Collar Crime A Modern Or Postmodern Crime

Society has made many individuals question Enron scandal in regards to what is a modern or postmodern crime. Modern white collar crime focuses primarily on agriculture, productive activity, hand-tool technology, and farming villages as a community or family unit. While, postmodern white collar crime deals with more advanced technology such as computers, virtual communities, television/computer link-ups, and telephone communication. Overall, those who seek a career in criminology must navigate terminology barriers such as what way they would apply the term crime. Additionally, they must learn how to put white collar crimes in broader terms, by asking themselves how they have evolve from merely fraud cases. Criminologists must able to watch the media and look beyond what the media release in a news press by analysis the information with facts or reasonable logic from their research and academics studies. Lastly, they must participate in observer studies where they the information first hand in study groups or primary data, criminologists must engage directly in the research in order to come up with theories and possible conclusions. The second case graffiti and fraternity crime in Bloomington Indiana, centralized on how the privileged at Indiana University’s student organizations can escape criminalization based on their social class. Students at Indiana universities in Bloomington from Greek organizations would graffiti their first names and their Greek affiliations by usingShow MoreRelatedFight Club Film Analysis1551 Words   |  7 Pagesself-conscious uses of pre-existing artistic styles and media conventions. It also depends on modern society being defined by media culture. In this essay, I will be examining Fight Club (David Fincher, 1999) and how it can be categorised as postmodern. 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Why do poor countries have a predominance of infectious Free Essays

string(44) " chronic diseases suffered in this country\." Why do poor countries have a predominance of infectious diseases as opposed to the lifestyle-related diseases of wealthy countries? What is your response to the global health inequalities that exist? By Marcela Step One: Why do poor countries have a predominance of Infectious diseases as opposed to the lifestyle-related diseases of wealthy countries? What Is your response to the global health Inequalities that exist? Step Two: Willie’s sociological imagination template has made me understand how factors including historical, cultural, structural and critical components affect the way one fives their life (Willis, as cited in Germen, 2014). As each factor is linked to one another, a variance of health issues worldwide continuously exists. I have experienced global health inequality first hand due to structural factors such as undeveloped technology and education. We will write a custom essay sample on Why do poor countries have a predominance of infectious or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the semester break of this year, I was fortunate enough to travel throughout South America. Unfortunately whilst traveling I became very ill and was taken to a clinic for medical assistance. One attended to, patients, including myself were treated in an unhygienic environment, with poor attention to sanitation such as clean sheets on the examination bed. Poor health practices also occurred with very few health professionals wearing appropriate clothing such as gloves when vaccinating a patient or correctively washing their hands before and after examining a patient. Personally, the experience of being treated with such medical attendance under poor conditions has led me to believe that the predominance of infectious diseases in developing nations Is somewhat because health practices are not being followed In accordance to clinical practice guidelines. Marcela Merles S00107898 using my experience as an example, the environment Itself and the negligence of hygiene from health professionals themselves creates an easy exposure and outbreak of Infectious diseases to patients. Both examples are easily preventable and the health Inequality here exists when comparing the treatment given to patients using health standards of developed nations In comparison to undeveloped nations. On another hand, I have seen the predominance of lifestyle-related diseases In Australia from a cultural component. Born and raised in Australia I know that the Australian culture consists of social gatherings such as barbeques, which increase the likelihood of choices such as alcohol consumption, smoking and unhealthy diet. Ordinance of diseases in wealthy nations such as Australia are due to lifestyle choices made by the individual. The individual is putting themselves at risk with behaviors such as lack of exercise and unhealthy dieting contributing to obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In comparison, I believe the predominance of diseases in underdeveloped nations is primarily infectious-based due to the quality of care received by patients. A large percentage of citizens have difficulty accessing health care of greater-quality because of their socio-economic status or the unavailability of such health care found within reasonable traveling distance. I believe health inequalities are preventable, but barriers as those mentioned previously including a lack of education from health professionals as well, obstructs any preventative measures from being put into action, exposing patients to a greater risk of diseases. Manila Merles s00107898 Step Three: Further research into health sociology, in particular the sociological theory of modernity (Lives, 2008), has given me greater awareness of how and why particular health problems exist. Lives (2008) defines modernity as a modern outlook of the world driven by economy, politics and science. Breakthrough in these areas has not only shown structural changes to the development of industrialization and political democracy, but also a changed way of thinking with modernization of knowledge and ideas. Modernization represents a complete change from the past out breaking into a different type of society. The theory of modernity can be linked to the structural factors of the sociological template and has shown me an understanding of how modern societies have an advantage in social organizations, in comparison to undeveloped societies. This concept is strongly influenced by technology and such advancements in wealthy countries allow citizens to live differently to those in undeveloped nations. In respect to health, advanced technology may include medical treatment including resources used that are of higher quality than those used in undeveloped nations. Likewise, modernity allows for advancements in education and in reference to health inequality, health education must be put into further action for undeveloped societies to be taught at least the basic forms of prevention of diseases. An insight into the theory of modernity has shown me that everyone sees health and illness fervently and hence is a reason why there are health differences among cultures and countries worldwide. As the structural components of a social organization affect people’s lives, it is important to look at the role the government of undeveloped nations play within their health care system. Using my personal experience as recalled in part two, citizens in South America do not have control over the health care they receive. In Australia, we are fortunate to have Medicare as the basis of Australia’s health care system, covering many health care costs for its citizens. Such health care system does not exist in South America, therefore the financial status of each individual impact greatly receive care and treatment at all. Additionally, economic disadvantages within a nation may not have substantial funds to build health care centers such as hospitals and medical centers or provide those in need with medical supplies that are economically in reach. I believe that Australia has developed chronic lifestyle-related diseases due to behaviors such as eating patterns while South America has developed infectious diseases through unhygienic practices. Furthermore, I used the social model of health as a reference to make rather understanding of health inequality and possible methods for providing better health for those in need (Germen, 2014). This model highlights â€Å"health inequalities suffered by different social groups based on class, gender, ethnicity and occupation† (Germen, 2014). Having this in mind, I can make reference to the Australian lifestyle and culture as a determinant for chronic diseases suffered in this country. You read "Why do poor countries have a predominance of infectious" in category "Papers" Manila Merles s0010789 I believe that Australia has developed chronic lifestyle-related diseases due to behaviors such as eating patterns while South America has developed infectious sissies through unhygienic practices. In addiction to unhygienic practices as a factor of infectious diseases, the social model of health has made me understand that education; economic status, ethnicity and access to health care systems also contribute to this as well. Step Four: The World Health Organization (2014) has defined health inequality as â€Å"differences in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups†. The social, economic and environmental conditions in which a person is born and lives in strongly influences one’s health (WHO, 2014). Health inequalities can be due to natural variations or personal choices, I. E. The growth of lifestyle-related diseases in Australia, and others are due to outside environment and conditions the individual cannot control, I. E. The predominance of infectious diseases in poor countries (Turrets, Stately, De Eloper, Oldenburg, 2006). The uneven distribution of health inequality worldwide is unjust and unfair but such unfairness is not only found within the distribution of health itself (Irradiate and Allotted, 2007). This has created a significant gap of health status between the wealthy and the poor. Not only are health inequalities apparent between different socio-economic groups but also between genders and different ethnic groups (Allotted, Irradiate, Kumar, Cummins, 2003). To begin with, Irradiate and Allotted (2007) have researched health inequality as an outcome of economically deprived populations. Differences in population health are associated with global health outcomes (Irradiate and Allotted, 2007). Health inequality due to economy is unfair as the difficulty a population experiences in health care is determined by the population’s wealth (Irradiate and Allotted, 2007). Poorer countries have shown to be affected by an uneven distribution of health of up to five times worse off than the standard of health experienced in wealthier countries (Irradiate and Allotted, 2007). It has been shown that wealthier countries have higher capacity to support poor health than in poor countries, with the impact of poor health on an individual and societal level being significantly less (Allotted et al. 2003). Reasons for this include the investment in social and healthcare services and higher-quality physical infrastructure found within wealthier regions, controlling the impact of death and illness (Allotted et al. , 2003). Likewise, new scientific discoveries such as the vaccine against the human papilla virus preventing cervical cancer offers advanced and improved health. However an ind ividual’s economic status remains an obstacle to ensure the availability of such vaccination to those most at risk (Senator, Gill, Beaker, 2011). Alkali and Chin (2004) have also concluded that socioeconomics disadvantaged groups experience greater ill health, as they are likely to put themselves at risk engaging in behaviors that are linked with poorer health status. In this case, such groups are also less likely to act on improving their health as well (Alkali and Chin, 2004). Additionally, powers that have the ability to effectively sustain caring social services, including health care systems to citizens of each country also shapes population health (Turrets et al. , 2006). This may not be the case in poorer countries as the nation’s government may lack governmental institutions such as Medicare available in Australia, covering many health care costs, making it possible for citizens to receive medical treatment when in need. Extra alternatives such as private health insurance are also available in Australia but such service may be unavailable in poorer countries or financially inaccessible to the individual. Also, over half of the population in developing nations do not have access to medicines for the treatment of diseases such as cholera, malaria or typhoid fever (Gelid, 2005). Lack of access to basic medicine supplies such as antibiotics, decongestants or analgesic also expose people as being vulnerable to infectious diseases (Gelid, 2005). Secondly, population health has also been shaped according to educational level Turrets, Stanley, De Eloper, Oldenburg, 2006). Cutler and Leers-Money (2012) conclude that education is key to ending bad health habits and a crucial factor that contributes to the transmission of infectious diseases. According to Denton (2003) wealthier, well-educated populations live longer than poorer, less-educated populations. An educated person is said to have a higher capacity to understand and apply health benefits for themselves as well as have greater access to health care Reflecting back on my personal experience, some health professionals may lack impotency to follow clinical practice guidelines of the same standard followed by health professionals in Australia. Health professionals in undeveloped nations may not realism the importance of following such guidelines or may not be put into action as strictly as they are in Australia. In Australia clinical practice guidelines state the extent of clean and highly sanitation service that must be provided to the patient. The lack of education and knowledge to do so including following procedures such as hand washing puts the health professional primarily at fault for the spread of infectious diseases from patient to patient. Likewise, not only health professionals but also citizens of underdeveloped nations do not have substantial access to education, therefore it is difficult for knowledge of good health to be practiced. Developing countries are also lacking in promotion of good health as well (Senator, Gill, Beaker, 2011). Education will also end poverty through employment and develop skills that help improve health status in underdeveloped nations (Cutler and Leers- Money, 2012). Additionally, poor nutrition also contributes increases unhealthy lifestyles. Those who are at a financial disadvantage do not have access to essential nutrients. Lack of clean water in undeveloped nations also increases the spread of infectious diseases. Those who do not have access to fresh, uncontaminated water have no choice but to bath, drink and wash food such as fruits and vegetables all with the one water supply. These situations increase the exposure of infectious diseases (Gelid, 2005). The global increase of food costs also lead to unhealthy nutritional status. There is evidence to suggest that those with low income can no longer buy quality products eating to household restrictions, affecting the country economy as well (Bloom, Brinkman, De Pee, Sandhog, Suburban, 2010). As discussed poor countries have a predominance of infectious diseases from reasons such as lack of education or financially unable to afford better-quality health care. These reasons are opposed to the predominance of disease in wealthier countries that have been found to be lifestyle-related based due to personal choice, individual behavior and increased access to fast food, tobacco and alcohol in wealthier countries also increases the chances of these diseases (Cutler Leers-Money, 2012). Wealthy counties have shown to be dominated by lifestyle-related diseases and very rarely having outbreaks of infectious diseases (Cutler Leers-Money, 2012). Health-related behaviors prone to produce lifestyle-related diseases can include the overcompensation of alcohol intake, smoking, unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity (Adam et al. , 2011). By acting upon these behaviors, the individual is exposing themselves to cardiovascular diseases and various types of cancers such as lung and liver, only to has led to a high percentage of skin cancer, as people do not take sun protection into inconsideration when doing so (Turrets et al. , 2006). It is important to note that not only does health inequality exist from country to country, but within country ethnicity groups as well (Healed, 2004). Health inequality within Australia is evident with Indigenous Australians who have shown a lower level of good health and access to appropriate health care treatment than non-indigenous Australians (Healed, 2004). Step Five: To sum up, this essay has provided me with the graduate attribute of thinking critically and reflectively. It is essential for all students to develop this particular skill, to only for university purposes but also to use throughout their future careers. This essay has allowed me to reflect on past experiences and evaluate health inequality between wealthy and poor countries. From this, I was able to think critically for reasons on this such as economy and educational level found within undeveloped countries and lifestyle choices within wealthier countries. Developing this skill has made me conclude that health inequality does not only exist within a country as a whole, but can occur within country regions as well. Additionally, I was able to not only reflect and think about my own perspective based n my living conditions, but the need to step outside of one’s shoes to see how others in undeveloped countries experience health inequality. How to cite Why do poor countries have a predominance of infectious, Papers